In 2015, a analyze recovered mDNA from historic canid specimens which were discovered on Zhokhov Island as well as the Yana river, arctic Siberia. These specimens provided the mandible of the 360,000–400,000 YBP Canis cf. variabilis (in which cf. is a Latin expression indicating unsure). Phylogenetic analyses of those canids revealed 9 mDNA haplo